Paradise Lost

 

 

Book I

 

 

1.        Of Man's first disobedience, and the fruit

2.        Of that forbidden tree whose mortal taste

3.        Brought death into the World, and all our woe,

4.        With loss of Eden, till one greater Man

5.        Restore us, and regain the blissful seat,

6.        Sing, Heavenly Muse, that, on the secret top

7.        Of Oreb, or of Sinai, didst inspire

8.        That shepherd who first taught the chosen seed

9.        In the beginning how the heavens and earth

10.    Rose out of Chaos: or, if Sion hill

11.    Delight thee more, and Siloa's brook that flowed

12.    Fast by the oracle of God, I thence

13.    Invoke thy aid to my adventurous song,

14.    That with no middle flight intends to soar

15.    Above th' Aonian mount, while it pursues

16.    Things unattempted yet in prose or rhyme.

17.    And chiefly thou, O Spirit, that dost prefer

18.    Before all temples th' upright heart and pure,

19.    Instruct me, for thou know'st; thou from the first

20.    Wast present, and, with mighty wings outspread,

21.    Dove-like sat'st brooding on the vast Abyss,

22.    And mad'st it pregnant: what in me is dark

23.    Illumine, what is low raise and support;

24.    That, to the height of this great argument,

25.    I may assert Eternal Providence,

26.    And justify the ways of God to men.

27.      Say first--for Heaven hides nothing from thy view,

28.    Nor the deep tract of Hell--say first what cause

29.    Moved our grand parents, in that happy state,

30.    Favoured of Heaven so highly, to fall off

31.    From their Creator, and transgress his will

32.    For one restraint, lords of the World besides.

33.    Who first seduced them to that foul revolt?

34.      Th' infernal Serpent; he it was whose guile,

35.    Stirred up with envy and revenge, deceived

36.    The mother of mankind, what time his pride

37.    Had cast him out from Heaven, with all his host

38.    Of rebel Angels, by whose aid, aspiring

39.    To set himself in glory above his peers,

40.    He trusted to have equalled the Most High,

41.    If he opposed, and with ambitious aim

42.    Against the throne and monarchy of God,

43.    Raised impious war in Heaven and battle proud,

44.    With vain attempt. Him the Almighty Power

45.    Hurled headlong flaming from th' ethereal sky,

46.    With hideous ruin and combustion, down

47.    To bottomless perdition, there to dwell

48.    In adamantine chains and penal fire,

49.    Who durst defy th' Omnipotent to arms.

50.      Nine times the space that measures day and night

51.    To mortal men, he, with his horrid crew,

52.    Lay vanquished, rolling in the fiery gulf,

53.    Confounded, though immortal. But his doom

54.    Reserved him to more wrath; for now the thought

55.    Both of lost happiness and lasting pain

56.    Torments him: round he throws his baleful eyes,

57.    That witnessed huge affliction and dismay,

58.    Mixed with obdurate pride and steadfast hate.

59.    At once, as far as Angels ken, he views

60.    The dismal situation waste and wild.

61.    A dungeon horrible, on all sides round,

62.    As one great furnace flamed; yet from those flames

63.    No light; but rather darkness visible

64.    Served only to discover sights of woe,

65.    Regions of sorrow, doleful shades, where peace

66.    And rest can never dwell, hope never comes

67.    That comes to all, but torture without end

68.    Still urges, and a fiery deluge, fed

69.    With ever-burning sulphur unconsumed.

70.    Such place Eternal Justice has prepared

71.    For those rebellious; here their prison ordained

72.    In utter darkness, and their portion set,

73.    As far removed from God and light of Heaven

74.    As from the centre thrice to th' utmost pole.

75.    Oh how unlike the place from whence they fell!

76.    There the companions of his fall, o'erwhelmed

77.    With floods and whirlwinds of tempestuous fire,

78.    He soon discerns; and, weltering by his side,

79.    One next himself in power, and next in crime,

80.    Long after known in Palestine, and named

81.    Beelzebub. To whom th' Arch-Enemy,

82.    And thence in Heaven called Satan, with bold words

83.    Breaking the horrid silence, thus began:--

84.      "If thou beest he--but O how fallen! how changed

85.    From him who, in the happy realms of light

86.    Clothed with transcendent brightness, didst outshine

87.    Myriads, though bright!--if he whom mutual league,

88.    United thoughts and counsels, equal hope

89.    And hazard in the glorious enterprise

90.    Joined with me once, now misery hath joined

91.    In equal ruin; into what pit thou seest

92.    From what height fallen: so much the stronger proved

93.    He with his thunder; and till then who knew

94.    The force of those dire arms? Yet not for those,

95.    Nor what the potent Victor in his rage

96.    Can else inflict, do I repent, or change,

97.    Though changed in outward lustre, that fixed mind,

98.    And high disdain from sense of injured merit,

99.    That with the Mightiest raised me to contend,

100.And to the fierce contentions brought along

101.Innumerable force of Spirits armed,

102.That durst dislike his reign, and, me preferring,

103.His utmost power with adverse power opposed

104.In dubious battle on the plains of Heaven,

105.And shook his throne. What though the field be lost?

106.All is not lost--the unconquerable will,

107.And study of revenge, immortal hate,

108.And courage never to submit or yield:

109.And what is else not to be overcome?

110.That glory never shall his wrath or might

111.Extort from me. To bow and sue for grace

112.With suppliant knee, and deify his power

113.Who, from the terror of this arm, so late

114.Doubted his empire--that were low indeed;

115.That were an ignominy and shame beneath

116.This downfall; since, by fate, the strength of Gods,

117.And this empyreal sybstance, cannot fail;

118.Since, through experience of this great event,

119.In arms not worse, in foresight much advanced,

120.We may with more successful hope resolve

121.To wage by force or guile eternal war,

122.Irreconcilable to our grand Foe,

123.Who now triumphs, and in th' excess of joy

124.Sole reigning holds the tyranny of Heaven."

125.  So spake th' apostate Angel, though in pain,

126.Vaunting aloud, but racked with deep despair;

127.And him thus answered soon his bold compeer:--

128.  "O Prince, O Chief of many throned Powers

129.That led th' embattled Seraphim to war

130.Under thy conduct, and, in dreadful deeds

131.Fearless, endangered Heaven's perpetual King,

132.And put to proof his high supremacy,

133.Whether upheld by strength, or chance, or fate,

134.Too well I see and rue the dire event

135.That, with sad overthrow and foul defeat,

136.Hath lost us Heaven, and all this mighty host

137.In horrible destruction laid thus low,

138.As far as Gods and heavenly Essences

139.Can perish: for the mind and spirit remains

140.Invincible, and vigour soon returns,

141.Though all our glory extinct, and happy state

142.Here swallowed up in endless misery.

143.But what if he our Conqueror (whom I now

144.Of force believe almighty, since no less

145.Than such could have o'erpowered such force as ours)

146.Have left us this our spirit and strength entire,

147.Strongly to suffer and support our pains,

148.That we may so suffice his vengeful ire,

149.Or do him mightier service as his thralls

150.By right of war, whate'er his business be,

151.Here in the heart of Hell to work in fire,

152.Or do his errands in the gloomy Deep?

153.What can it the avail though yet we feel

154.Strength undiminished, or eternal being

155.To undergo eternal punishment?"

156.  Whereto with speedy words th' Arch-Fiend replied:--

157."Fallen Cherub, to be weak is miserable,

158.Doing or suffering: but of this be sure--

159.To do aught good never will be our task,

160.But ever to do ill our sole delight,

161.As being the contrary to his high will

162.Whom we resist. If then his providence

163.Out of our evil seek to bring forth good,

164.Our labour must be to pervert that end,

165.And out of good still to find means of evil;

166.Which ofttimes may succeed so as perhaps

167.Shall grieve him, if I fail not, and disturb

168.His inmost counsels from their destined aim.

169.But see! the angry Victor hath recalled

170.His ministers of vengeance and pursuit

171.Back to the gates of Heaven: the sulphurous hail,

172.Shot after us in storm, o'erblown hath laid

173.The fiery surge that from the precipice

174.Of Heaven received us falling; and the thunder,

175.Winged with red lightning and impetuous rage,

176.Perhaps hath spent his shafts, and ceases now

177.To bellow through the vast and boundless Deep.

178.Let us not slip th' occasion, whether scorn

179.Or satiate fury yield it from our Foe.

180.Seest thou yon dreary plain, forlorn and wild,

181.The seat of desolation, void of light,

182.Save what the glimmering of these livid flames

183.Casts pale and dreadful? Thither let us tend

184.From off the tossing of these fiery waves;

185.There rest, if any rest can harbour there;

186.And, re-assembling our afflicted powers,

187.Consult how we may henceforth most offend

188.Our enemy, our own loss how repair,

189.How overcome this dire calamity,

190.What reinforcement we may gain from hope,

191.If not, what resolution from despair."

192.  Thus Satan, talking to his nearest mate,

193.With head uplift above the wave, and eyes

194.That sparkling blazed; his other parts besides

195.Prone on the flood, extended long and large,

196.Lay floating many a rood, in bulk as huge

197.As whom the fables name of monstrous size,

198.Titanian or Earth-born, that warred on Jove,

199.Briareos or Typhon, whom the den

200.By ancient Tarsus held, or that sea-beast

201.Leviathan, which God of all his works

202.Created hugest that swim th' ocean-stream.

203.Him, haply slumbering on the Norway foam,

204.The pilot of some small night-foundered skiff,

205.Deeming some island, oft, as seamen tell,

206.With fixed anchor in his scaly rind,

207.Moors by his side under the lee, while night

208.Invests the sea, and wished morn delays.

209.So stretched out huge in length the Arch-fiend lay,

210.Chained on the burning lake; nor ever thence

211.Had risen, or heaved his head, but that the will

212.And high permission of all-ruling Heaven

213.Left him at large to his own dark designs,

214.That with reiterated crimes he might

215.Heap on himself damnation, while he sought

216.Evil to others, and enraged might see

217.How all his malice served but to bring forth

218.Infinite goodness, grace, and mercy, shewn

219.On Man by him seduced, but on himself

220.Treble confusion, wrath, and vengeance poured.

221.  Forthwith upright he rears from off the pool

222.His mighty stature; on each hand the flames

223.Driven backward slope their pointing spires, and,rolled

224.In billows, leave i' th' midst a horrid vale.

225.Then with expanded wings he steers his flight

226.Aloft, incumbent on the dusky air,

227.That felt unusual weight; till on dry land

228.He lights--if it were land that ever burned

229.With solid, as the lake with liquid fire,

230.And such appeared in hue as when the force

231.Of subterranean wind transprots a hill

232.Torn from Pelorus, or the shattered side

233.Of thundering Etna, whose combustible

234.And fuelled entrails, thence conceiving fire,

235.Sublimed with mineral fury, aid the winds,

236.And leave a singed bottom all involved

237.With stench and smoke. Such resting found the sole

238.Of unblest feet. Him followed his next mate;

239.Both glorying to have scaped the Stygian flood

240.As gods, and by their own recovered strength,

241.Not by the sufferance of supernal Power.

242.  "Is this the region, this the soil, the clime,"

243.Said then the lost Archangel, "this the seat

244.That we must change for Heaven?--this mournful gloom

245.For that celestial light? Be it so, since he

246.Who now is sovereign can dispose and bid

247.What shall be right: farthest from him is best

248.Whom reason hath equalled, force hath made supreme

249.Above his equals. Farewell, happy fields,

250.Where joy for ever dwells! Hail, horrors! hail,

251.Infernal world! and thou, profoundest Hell,

252.Receive thy new possessor--one who brings

253.A mind not to be changed by place or time.

254.The mind is its own place, and in itself

255.Can make a Heaven of Hell, a Hell of Heaven.

256.What matter where, if I be still the same,

257.And what I should be, all but less than he

258.Whom thunder hath made greater? Here at least

259.We shall be free; th' Almighty hath not built

260.Here for his envy, will not drive us hence:

261.Here we may reigh secure; and, in my choice,

262.To reign is worth ambition, though in Hell:

263.Better to reign in Hell than serve in Heaven.

264.But wherefore let we then our faithful friends,

265.Th' associates and co-partners of our loss,

266.Lie thus astonished on th' oblivious pool,

267.And call them not to share with us their part

268.In this unhappy mansion, or once more

269.With rallied arms to try what may be yet

270.Regained in Heaven, or what more lost in Hell?"

271.  So Satan spake; and him Beelzebub

272.Thus answered:--"Leader of those armies bright

273.Which, but th' Omnipotent, none could have foiled!

274.If once they hear that voice, their liveliest pledge

275.Of hope in fears and dangers--heard so oft

276.In worst extremes, and on the perilous edge

277.Of battle, when it raged, in all assaults

278.Their surest signal--they will soon resume

279.New courage and revive, though now they lie

280.Grovelling and prostrate on yon lake of fire,

281.As we erewhile, astounded and amazed;

282.No wonder, fallen such a pernicious height!"

283.  He scare had ceased when the superior Fiend

284.Was moving toward the shore; his ponderous shield,

285.Ethereal temper, massy, large, and round,

286.Behind him cast. The broad circumference

287.Hung on his shoulders like the moon, whose orb

288.Through optic glass the Tuscan artist views

289.At evening, from the top of Fesole,

290.Or in Valdarno, to descry new lands,

291.Rivers, or mountains, in her spotty globe.

292.His spear--to equal which the tallest pine

293.Hewn on Norwegian hills, to be the mast

294.Of some great ammiral, were but a wand--

295.He walked with, to support uneasy steps

296.Over the burning marl, not like those steps

297.On Heaven's azure; and the torrid clime

298.Smote on him sore besides, vaulted with fire.

299.Nathless he so endured, till on the beach

300.Of that inflamed sea he stood, and called

301.His legions--Angel Forms, who lay entranced

302.Thick as autumnal leaves that strow the brooks

303.In Vallombrosa, where th' Etrurian shades

304.High over-arched embower; or scattered sedge

305.Afloat, when with fierce winds Orion armed

306.Hath vexed the Red-Sea coast, whose waves o'erthrew

307.Busiris and his Memphian chivalry,

308.While with perfidious hatred they pursued

309.The sojourners of Goshen, who beheld

310.From the safe shore their floating carcases

311.And broken chariot-wheels. So thick bestrown,

312.Abject and lost, lay these, covering the flood,

313.Under amazement of their hideous change.

314.He called so loud that all the hollow deep

315.Of Hell resounded:--"Princes, Potentates,

316.Warriors, the Flower of Heaven--once yours; now lost,

317.If such astonishment as this can seize

318.Eternal Spirits! Or have ye chosen this place

319.After the toil of battle to repose

320.Your wearied virtue, for the ease you find

321.To slumber here, as in the vales of Heaven?

322.Or in this abject posture have ye sworn

323.To adore the Conqueror, who now beholds

324.Cherub and Seraph rolling in the flood

325.With scattered arms and ensigns, till anon

326.His swift pursuers from Heaven-gates discern

327.Th' advantage, and, descending, tread us down

328.Thus drooping, or with linked thunderbolts

329.Transfix us to the bottom of this gulf?

330.Awake, arise, or be for ever fallen!"

331.  They heard, and were abashed, and up they sprung

332.Upon the wing, as when men wont to watch

333.On duty, sleeping found by whom they dread,

334.Rouse and bestir themselves ere well awake.

335.Nor did they not perceive the evil plight

336.In which they were, or the fierce pains not feel;

337.Yet to their General's voice they soon obeyed

338.Innumerable. As when the potent rod

339.Of Amram's son, in Egypt's evil day,

340.Waved round the coast, up-called a pitchy cloud

341.Of locusts, warping on the eastern wind,

342.That o'er the realm of impious Pharaoh hung

343.Like Night, and darkened all the land of Nile;

344.So numberless were those bad Angels seen

345.Hovering on wing under the cope of Hell,

346.'Twixt upper, nether, and surrounding fires;

347.Till, as a signal given, th' uplifted spear

348.Of their great Sultan waving to direct

349.Their course, in even balance down they light

350.On the firm brimstone, and fill all the plain:

351.A multitude like which the populous North

352.Poured never from her frozen loins to pass

353.Rhene or the Danaw, when her barbarous sons

354.Came like a deluge on the South, and spread

355.Beneath Gibraltar to the Libyan sands.

356.Forthwith, form every squadron and each band,

357.The heads and leaders thither haste where stood

358.Their great Commander--godlike Shapes, and Forms

359.Excelling human; princely Dignities;

360.And Powers that erst in Heaven sat on thrones,

361.Though on their names in Heavenly records now

362.Be no memorial, blotted out and rased

363.By their rebellion from the Books of Life.

364.Nor had they yet among the sons of Eve

365.Got them new names, till, wandering o'er the earth,

366.Through God's high sufferance for the trial of man,

367.By falsities and lies the greatest part

368.Of mankind they corrupted to forsake

369.God their Creator, and th' invisible

370.Glory of him that made them to transform

371.Oft to the image of a brute, adorned

372.With gay religions full of pomp and gold,

373.And devils to adore for deities:

374.Then were they known to men by various names,

375.And various idols through the heathen world.

376.  Say, Muse, their names then known, who first, who last,

377.Roused from the slumber on that fiery couch,

378.At their great Emperor's call, as next in worth

379.Came singly where he stood on the bare strand,

380.While the promiscuous crowd stood yet aloof?

381.  The chief were those who, from the pit of Hell

382.Roaming to seek their prey on Earth, durst fix

383.Their seats, long after, next the seat of God,

384.Their altars by his altar, gods adored

385.Among the nations round, and durst abide

386.Jehovah thundering out of Sion, throned

387.Between the Cherubim; yea, often placed

388.Within his sanctuary itself their shrines,

389.Abominations; and with cursed things

390.His holy rites and solemn feasts profaned,

391.And with their darkness durst affront his light.

392.First, Moloch, horrid king, besmeared with blood

393.Of human sacrifice, and parents' tears;

394.Though, for the noise of drums and timbrels loud,

395.Their children's cries unheard that passed through fire

396.To his grim idol. Him the Ammonite

397.Worshiped in Rabba and her watery plain,

398.In Argob and in Basan, to the stream

399.Of utmost Arnon. Nor content with such

400.Audacious neighbourhood, the wisest heart

401.Of Solomon he led by fraoud to build

402.His temple right against the temple of God

403.On that opprobrious hill, and made his grove

404.The pleasant valley of Hinnom, Tophet thence

405.And black Gehenna called, the type of Hell.

406.Next Chemos, th' obscene dread of Moab's sons,

407.From Aroar to Nebo and the wild

408.Of southmost Abarim; in Hesebon

409.And Horonaim, Seon's real, beyond

410.The flowery dale of Sibma clad with vines,

411.And Eleale to th' Asphaltic Pool:

412.Peor his other name, when he enticed

413.Israel in Sittim, on their march from Nile,

414.To do him wanton rites, which cost them woe.

415.Yet thence his lustful orgies he enlarged

416.Even to that hill of scandal, by the grove

417.Of Moloch homicide, lust hard by hate,

418.Till good Josiah drove them thence to Hell.

419.With these came they who, from the bordering flood

420.Of old Euphrates to the brook that parts

421.Egypt from Syrian ground, had general names

422.Of Baalim and Ashtaroth--those male,

423.These feminine. For Spirits, when they please,

424.Can either sex assume, or both; so soft

425.And uncompounded is their essence pure,

426.Not tried or manacled with joint or limb,

427.Nor founded on the brittle strength of bones,

428.Like cumbrous flesh; but, in what shape they choose,

429.Dilated or condensed, bright or obscure,

430.Can execute their airy purposes,

431.And works of love or enmity fulfil.

432.For those the race of Israel oft forsook

433.Their Living Strength, and unfrequented left

434.His righteous altar, bowing lowly down

435.To bestial gods; for which their heads as low

436.Bowed down in battle, sunk before the spear

437.Of despicable foes. With these in troop

438.Came Astoreth, whom the Phoenicians called

439.Astarte, queen of heaven, with crescent horns;

440.To whose bright image nigntly by the moon

441.Sidonian virgins paid their vows and songs;

442.In Sion also not unsung, where stood

443.Her temple on th' offensive mountain, built

444.By that uxorious king whose heart, though large,

445.Beguiled by fair idolatresses, fell

446.To idols foul. Thammuz came next behind,

447.Whose annual wound in Lebanon allured

448.The Syrian damsels to lament his fate

449.In amorous ditties all a summer's day,

450.While smooth Adonis from his native rock

451.Ran purple to the sea, supposed with blood

452.Of Thammuz yearly wounded: the love-tale

453.Infected Sion's daughters with like heat,

454.Whose wanton passions in the sacred proch

455.Ezekiel saw, when, by the vision led,

456.His eye surveyed the dark idolatries

457.Of alienated Judah. Next came one

458.Who mourned in earnest, when the captive ark

459.Maimed his brute image, head and hands lopt off,

460.In his own temple, on the grunsel-edge,

461.Where he fell flat and shamed his worshippers:

462.Dagon his name, sea-monster,upward man

463.And downward fish; yet had his temple high

464.Reared in Azotus, dreaded through the coast

465.Of Palestine, in Gath and Ascalon,

466.And Accaron and Gaza's frontier bounds.

467.Him followed Rimmon, whose delightful seat

468.Was fair Damascus, on the fertile banks

469.Of Abbana and Pharphar, lucid streams.

470.He also against the house of God was bold:

471.A leper once he lost, and gained a king--

472.Ahaz, his sottish conqueror, whom he drew

473.God's altar to disparage and displace

474.For one of Syrian mode, whereon to burn

475.His odious offerings, and adore the gods

476.Whom he had vanquished. After these appeared

477.A crew who, under names of old renown--

478.Osiris, Isis, Orus, and their train--

479.With monstrous shapes and sorceries abused

480.Fanatic Egypt and her priests to seek

481.Their wandering gods disguised in brutish forms

482.Rather than human. Nor did Israel scape

483.Th' infection, when their borrowed gold composed

484.The calf in Oreb; and the rebel king

485.Doubled that sin in Bethel and in Dan,

486.Likening his Maker to the grazed ox--

487.Jehovah, who, in one night, when he passed

488.From Egypt marching, equalled with one stroke

489.Both her first-born and all her bleating gods.

490.Belial came last; than whom a Spirit more lewd

491.Fell not from Heaven, or more gross to love

492.Vice for itself. To him no temple stood

493.Or altar smoked; yet who more oft than he

494.In temples and at altars, when the priest

495.Turns atheist, as did Eli's sons, who filled

496.With lust and violence the house of God?

497.In courts and palaces he also reigns,

498.And in luxurious cities, where the noise

499.Of riot ascends above their loftiest towers,

500.And injury and outrage; and, when night

501.Darkens the streets, then wander forth the sons

502.Of Belial, flown with insolence and wine.

503.Witness the streets of Sodom, and that night

504.In Gibeah, when the hospitable door

505.Exposed a matron, to avoid worse rape.

506.  These were the prime in order and in might:

507.The rest were long to tell; though far renowned

508.Th' Ionian gods--of Javan's issue held

509.Gods, yet confessed later than Heaven and Earth,

510.Their boasted parents;--Titan, Heaven's first-born,

511.With his enormous brood, and birthright seized

512.By younger Saturn: he from mightier Jove,

513.His own and Rhea's son, like measure found;

514.So Jove usurping reigned. These, first in Crete

515.And Ida known, thence on the snowy top

516.Of cold Olympus ruled the middle air,

517.Their highest heaven; or on the Delphian cliff,

518.Or in Dodona, and through all the bounds

519.Of Doric land; or who with Saturn old

520.Fled over Adria to th' Hesperian fields,

521.And o'er the Celtic roamed the utmost Isles.

522.  All these and more came flocking; but with looks

523.Downcast and damp; yet such wherein appeared

524.Obscure some glimpse of joy to have found their Chief

525.Not in despair, to have found themselves not lost

526.In loss itself; which on his countenance cast

527.Like doubtful hue. But he, his wonted pride

528.Soon recollecting, with high words, that bore

529.Semblance of worth, not substance, gently raised

530.Their fainting courage, and dispelled their fears.

531.Then straight commands that, at the warlike sound

532.Of trumpets loud and clarions, be upreared

533.His mighty standard. That proud honour claimed

534.Azazel as his right, a Cherub tall:

535.Who forthwith from the glittering staff unfurled

536.Th' imperial ensign; which, full high advanced,

537.Shone like a meteor streaming to the wind,

538.With gems and golden lustre rich emblazed,

539.Seraphic arms and trophies; all the while

540.Sonorous metal blowing martial sounds:

541.At which the universal host up-sent

542.A shout that tore Hell's concave, and beyond

543.Frighted the reign of Chaos and old Night.

544.All in a moment through the gloom were seen

545.Ten thousand banners rise into the air,

546.With orient colours waving: with them rose

547.A forest huge of spears; and thronging helms

548.Appeared, and serried shields in thick array

549.Of depth immeasurable. Anon they move

550.In perfect phalanx to the Dorian mood

551.Of flutes and soft recorders--such as raised

552.To height of noblest temper heroes old

553.Arming to battle, and instead of rage

554.Deliberate valour breathed, firm, and unmoved

555.With dread of death to flight or foul retreat;

556.Nor wanting power to mitigate and swage

557.With solemn touches troubled thoughts, and chase

558.Anguish and doubt and fear and sorrow and pain

559.From mortal or immortal minds. Thus they,

560.Breathing united force with fixed thought,

561.Moved on in silence to soft pipes that charmed

562.Their painful steps o'er the burnt soil. And now

563.Advanced in view they stand--a horrid front

564.Of dreadful length and dazzling arms, in guise

565.Of warriors old, with ordered spear and shield,

566.Awaiting what command their mighty Chief

567.Had to impose. He through the armed files

568.Darts his experienced eye, and soon traverse

569.The whole battalion views--their order due,

570.Their visages and stature as of gods;

571.Their number last he sums. And now his heart

572.Distends with pride, and, hardening in his strength,

573.Glories: for never, since created Man,

574.Met such embodied force as, named with these,

575.Could merit more than that small infantry

576.Warred on by cranes--though all the giant brood

577.Of Phlegra with th' heroic race were joined

578.That fought at Thebes and Ilium, on each side

579.Mixed with auxiliar gods; and what resounds

580.In fable or romance of Uther's son,

581.Begirt with British and Armoric knights;

582.And all who since, baptized or infidel,

583.Jousted in Aspramont, or Montalban,

584.Damasco, or Marocco, or Trebisond,

585.Or whom Biserta sent from Afric shore

586.When Charlemain with all his peerage fell

587.By Fontarabbia. Thus far these beyond

588.Compare of mortal prowess, yet observed

589.Their dread Commander. He, above the rest

590.In shape and gesture proudly eminent,

591.Stood like a tower. His form had yet not lost

592.All her original brightness, nor appeared

593.Less than Archangel ruined, and th' excess

594.Of glory obscured: as when the sun new-risen

595.Looks through the horizontal misty air

596.Shorn of his beams, or, from behind the moon,

597.In dim eclipse, disastrous twilight sheds

598.On half the nations, and with fear of change

599.Perplexes monarchs. Darkened so, yet shone

600.Above them all th' Archangel: but his face

601.Deep scars of thunder had intrenched, and care

602.Sat on his faded cheek, but under brows

603.Of dauntless courage, and considerate pride

604.Waiting revenge. Cruel his eye, but cast

605.Signs of remorse and passion, to behold

606.The fellows of his crime, the followers rather

607.(Far other once beheld in bliss), condemned

608.For ever now to have their lot in pain--

609.Millions of Spirits for his fault amerced

610.Of Heaven, and from eteranl splendours flung

611.For his revolt--yet faithful how they stood,

612.Their glory withered; as, when heaven's fire

613.Hath scathed the forest oaks or mountain pines,

614.With singed top their stately growth, though bare,

615.Stands on the blasted heath. He now prepared

616.To speak; whereat their doubled ranks they bend

617.From wing to wing, and half enclose him round

618.With all his peers: attention held them mute.

619.Thrice he assayed, and thrice, in spite of scorn,

620.Tears, such as Angels weep, burst forth: at last

621.Words interwove with sighs found out their way:--

622.  "O myriads of immortal Spirits! O Powers

623.Matchless, but with th' Almighth!--and that strife

624.Was not inglorious, though th' event was dire,

625.As this place testifies, and this dire change,

626.Hateful to utter. But what power of mind,

627.Forseeing or presaging, from the depth

628.Of knowledge past or present, could have feared

629.How such united force of gods, how such

630.As stood like these, could ever know repulse?

631.For who can yet believe, though after loss,

632.That all these puissant legions, whose exile

633.Hath emptied Heaven, shall fail to re-ascend,

634.Self-raised, and repossess their native seat?

635.For me, be witness all the host of Heaven,

636.If counsels different, or danger shunned

637.By me, have lost our hopes. But he who reigns

638.Monarch in Heaven till then as one secure

639.Sat on his throne, upheld by old repute,

640.Consent or custom, and his regal state

641.Put forth at full, but still his strength concealed--

642.Which tempted our attempt, and wrought our fall.

643.Henceforth his might we know, and know our own,

644.So as not either to provoke, or dread

645.New war provoked: our better part remains

646.To work in close design, by fraud or guile,

647.What force effected not; that he no less

648.At length from us may find, who overcomes

649.By force hath overcome but half his foe.

650.Space may produce new Worlds; whereof so rife

651.There went a fame in Heaven that he ere long

652.Intended to create, and therein plant

653.A generation whom his choice regard

654.Should favour equal to the Sons of Heaven.

655.Thither, if but to pry, shall be perhaps

656.Our first eruption--thither, or elsewhere;

657.For this infernal pit shall never hold

658.Celestial Spirits in bondage, nor th' Abyss

659.Long under darkness cover. But these thoughts

660.Full counsel must mature. Peace is despaired;

661.For who can think submission? War, then, war

662.Open or understood, must be resolved."

663.  He spake; and, to confirm his words, outflew

664.Millions of flaming swords, drawn from the thighs

665.Of mighty Cherubim; the sudden blaze

666.Far round illumined Hell. Highly they raged

667.Against the Highest, and fierce with grasped arms

668.Clashed on their sounding shields the din of war,

669.Hurling defiance toward the vault of Heaven.

670.  There stood a hill not far, whose grisly top

671.Belched fire and rolling smoke; the rest entire

672.Shone with a glossy scurf--undoubted sign

673.That in his womb was hid metallic ore,

674.The work of sulphur. Thither, winged with speed,

675.A numerous brigade hastened: as when bands

676.Of pioneers, with spade and pickaxe armed,

677.Forerun the royal camp, to trench a field,

678.Or cast a rampart. Mammon led them on--

679.Mammon, the least erected Spirit that fell

680.From Heaven; for even in Heaven his looks and thoughts

681.Were always downward bent, admiring more

682.The riches of heaven's pavement, trodden gold,

683.Than aught divine or holy else enjoyed

684.In vision beatific. By him first

685.Men also, and by his suggestion taught,

686.Ransacked the centre, and with impious hands

687.Rifled the bowels of their mother Earth

688.For treasures better hid. Soon had his crew

689.Opened into the hill a spacious wound,

690.And digged out ribs of gold. Let none admire

691.That riches grow in Hell; that soil may best

692.Deserve the precious bane. And here let those

693.Who boast in mortal things, and wondering tell

694.Of Babel, and the works of Memphian kings,

695.Learn how their greatest monuments of fame

696.And strength, and art, are easily outdone

697.By Spirits reprobate, and in an hour

698.What in an age they, with incessant toil

699.And hands innumerable, scarce perform.

700.Nigh on the plain, in many cells prepared,

701.That underneath had veins of liquid fire

702.Sluiced from the lake, a second multitude

703.With wondrous art founded the massy ore,

704.Severing each kind, and scummed the bullion-dross.

705.A third as soon had formed within the ground

706.A various mould, and from the boiling cells

707.By strange conveyance filled each hollow nook;

708.As in an organ, from one blast of wind,

709.To many a row of pipes the sound-board breathes.

710.Anon out of the earth a fabric huge

711.Rose like an exhalation, with the sound

712.Of dulcet symphonies and voices sweet--

713.Built like a temple, where pilasters round

714.Were set, and Doric pillars overlaid

715.With golden architrave; nor did there want

716.Cornice or frieze, with bossy sculptures graven;

717.The roof was fretted gold. Not Babylon

718.Nor great Alcairo such magnificence

719.Equalled in all their glories, to enshrine

720.Belus or Serapis their gods, or seat

721.Their kings, when Egypt with Assyria strove

722.In wealth and luxury. Th' ascending pile

723.Stood fixed her stately height, and straight the doors,

724.Opening their brazen folds, discover, wide

725.Within, her ample spaces o'er the smooth

726.And level pavement: from the arched roof,

727.Pendent by subtle magic, many a row

728.Of starry lamps and blazing cressets, fed

729.With naptha and asphaltus, yielded light

730.As from a sky. The hasty multitude

731.Admiring entered; and the work some praise,

732.And some the architect. His hand was known

733.In Heaven by many a towered structure high,

734.Where sceptred Angels held their residence,

735.And sat as Princes, whom the supreme King

736.Exalted to such power, and gave to rule,

737.Each in his Hierarchy, the Orders bright.

738.Nor was his name unheard or unadored

739.In ancient Greece; and in Ausonian land

740.Men called him Mulciber; and how he fell

741.From Heaven they fabled, thrown by angry Jove

742.Sheer o'er the crystal battlements: from morn

743.To noon he fell, from noon to dewy eve,

744.A summer's day, and with the setting sun

745.Dropt from the zenith, like a falling star,

746.On Lemnos, th' Aegaean isle. Thus they relate,

747.Erring; for he with this rebellious rout

748.Fell long before; nor aught aviled him now

749.To have built in Heaven high towers; nor did he scape

750.By all his engines, but was headlong sent,

751.With his industrious crew, to build in Hell.

752.  Meanwhile the winged Heralds, by command

753.Of sovereign power, with awful ceremony

754.And trumpet's sound, throughout the host proclaim

755.A solemn council forthwith to be held

756.At Pandemonium, the high capital

757.Of Satan and his peers. Their summons called

758.From every band and squared regiment

759.By place or choice the worthiest: they anon

760.With hundreds and with thousands trooping came

761.Attended. All access was thronged; the gates

762.And porches wide, but chief the spacious hall

763.(Though like a covered field, where champions bold

764.Wont ride in armed, and at the Soldan's chair

765.Defied the best of Paynim chivalry

766.To mortal combat, or career with lance),

767.Thick swarmed, both on the ground and in the air,

768.Brushed with the hiss of rustling wings. As bees

769.In spring-time, when the Sun with Taurus rides.

770.Pour forth their populous youth about the hive

771.In clusters; they among fresh dews and flowers

772.Fly to and fro, or on the smoothed plank,

773.The suburb of their straw-built citadel,

774.New rubbed with balm, expatiate, and confer

775.Their state-affairs: so thick the airy crowd

776.Swarmed and were straitened; till, the signal given,

777.Behold a wonder! They but now who seemed

778.In bigness to surpass Earth's giant sons,

779.Now less than smallest dwarfs, in narrow room

780.Throng numberless--like that pygmean race

781.Beyond the Indian mount; or faery elves,

782.Whose midnight revels, by a forest-side

783.Or fountain, some belated peasant sees,

784.Or dreams he sees, while overhead the Moon

785.Sits arbitress, and nearer to the Earth

786.Wheels her pale course: they, on their mirth and dance

787.Intent, with jocund music charm his ear;

788.At once with joy and fear his heart rebounds.

789.Thus incorporeal Spirits to smallest forms

790.Reduced their shapes immense, and were at large,

791.Though without number still, amidst the hall

792.Of that infernal court. But far within,

793.And in their own dimensions like themselves,

794.The great Seraphic Lords and Cherubim

795.In close recess and secret conclave sat,

796.A thousand demi-gods on golden seats,

797.Frequent and full. After short silence then,

798.And summons read, the great consult began.

799.

800.

801.

Book II                                                         

 

 

1.        High on a throne of royal state, which far

2.        Outshone the wealth or Ormus and of Ind,

3.        Or where the gorgeous East with richest hand

4.        Showers on her kings barbaric pearl and gold,

5.        Satan exalted sat, by merit raised

6.        To that bad eminence; and, from despair

7.        Thus high uplifted beyond hope, aspires

8.        Beyond thus high, insatiate to pursue

9.        Vain war with Heaven; and, by success untaught,

10.    His proud imaginations thus displayed:--

11.      "Powers and Dominions, Deities of Heaven!--

12.    For, since no deep within her gulf can hold

13.    Immortal vigour, though oppressed and fallen,

14.    I give not Heaven for lost: from this descent

15.    Celestial Virtues rising will appear

16.    More glorious and more dread than from no fall,

17.    And trust themselves to fear no second fate!--

18.    Me though just right, and the fixed laws of Heaven,

19.    Did first create your leader--next, free choice

20.    With what besides in council or in fight

21.    Hath been achieved of merit--yet this loss,

22.    Thus far at least recovered, hath much more

23.    Established in a safe, unenvied throne,

24.    Yielded with full consent. The happier state

25.    In Heaven, which follows dignity, might draw

26.    Envy from each inferior; but who here

27.    Will envy whom the highest place exposes

28.    Foremost to stand against the Thunderer's aim

29.    Your bulwark, and condemns to greatest share

30.    Of endless pain? Where there is, then, no good

31.    For which to strive, no strife can grow up there

32.    From faction: for none sure will claim in Hell

33.    Precedence; none whose portion is so small

34.    Of present pain that with ambitious mind

35.    Will covet more! With this advantage, then,

36.    To union, and firm faith, and firm accord,

37.    More than can be in Heaven, we now return

38.    To claim our just inheritance of old,

39.    Surer to prosper than prosperity

40.    Could have assured us; and by what best way,

41.    Whether of open war or covert guile,

42.    We now debate. Who can advise may speak."

43.      He ceased; and next him Moloch, sceptred king,

44.    Stood up--the strongest and the fiercest Spirit

45.    That fought in Heaven, now fiercer by despair.

46.    His trust was with th' Eternal to be deemed

47.    Equal in strength, and rather than be less

48.    Cared not to be at all; with that care lost

49.    Went all his fear: of God, or Hell, or worse,

50.    He recked not, and these words thereafter spake:--

51.      "My sentence is for open war. Of wiles,

52.    More unexpert, I boast not: them let those

53.    Contrive who need, or when they need; not now.

54.    For, while they sit contriving, shall the rest--

55.    Millions that stand in arms, and longing wait

56.    The signal to ascend--sit lingering here,

57.    Heaven's fugitives, and for their dwelling-place

58.    Accept this dark opprobrious den of shame,

59.    The prison of his ryranny who reigns

60.    By our delay? No! let us rather choose,

61.    Armed with Hell-flames and fury, all at once

62.    O'er Heaven's high towers to force resistless way,

63.    Turning our tortures into horrid arms

64.    Against the Torturer; when, to meet the noise

65.    Of his almighty engine, he shall hear

66.    Infernal thunder, and, for lightning, see

67.    Black fire and horror shot with equal rage

68.    Among his Angels, and his throne itself

69.    Mixed with Tartarean sulphur and strange fire,

70.    His own invented torments. But perhaps

71.    The way seems difficult, and steep to scale

72.    With upright wing against a higher foe!

73.    Let such bethink them, if the sleepy drench

74.    Of that forgetful lake benumb not still,

75.    That in our porper motion we ascend

76.    Up to our native seat; descent and fall

77.    To us is adverse. Who but felt of late,

78.    When the fierce foe hung on our broken rear

79.    Insulting, and pursued us through the Deep,

80.    With what compulsion and laborious flight

81.    We sunk thus low? Th' ascent is easy, then;

82.    Th' event is feared! Should we again provoke

83.    Our stronger, some worse way his wrath may find

84.    To our destruction, if there be in Hell

85.    Fear to be worse destroyed! What can be worse

86.    Than to dwell here, driven out from bliss, condemned

87.    In this abhorred deep to utter woe!

88.    Where pain of unextinguishable fire

89.    Must exercise us without hope of end

90.    The vassals of his anger, when the scourge

91.    Inexorably, and the torturing hour,

92.    Calls us to penance? More destroyed than thus,

93.    We should be quite abolished, and expire.

94.    What fear we then? what doubt we to incense

95.    His utmost ire? which, to the height enraged,

96.    Will either quite consume us, and reduce

97.    To nothing this essential--happier far

98.    Than miserable to have eternal being!--

99.    Or, if our substance be indeed divine,

100.And cannot cease to be, we are at worst

101.On this side nothing; and by proof we feel

102.Our power sufficient to disturb his Heaven,

103.And with perpetual inroads to alarm,

104.Though inaccessible, his fatal throne:

105.Which, if not victory, is yet revenge."

106.  He ended frowning, and his look denounced

107.Desperate revenge, and battle dangerous

108.To less than gods. On th' other side up rose

109.Belial, in act more graceful and humane.

110.A fairer person lost not Heaven; he seemed

111.For dignity composed, and high exploit.

112.But all was false and hollow; though his tongue

113.Dropped manna, and could make the worse appear

114.The better reason, to perplex and dash

115.Maturest counsels: for his thoughts were low--

116. To vice industrious, but to nobler deeds

117.Timorous and slothful. Yet he pleased the ear,

118.And with persuasive accent thus began:--

119.  "I should be much for open war, O Peers,

120.As not behind in hate, if what was urged

121.Main reason to persuade immediate war

122.Did not dissuade me most, and seem to cast

123.Ominous conjecture on the whole success;

124.When he who most excels in fact of arms,

125.In what he counsels and in what excels

126.Mistrustful, grounds his courage on despair

127.And utter dissolution, as the scope

128.Of all his aim, after some dire revenge.

129.First, what revenge? The towers of Heaven are filled

130.With armed watch, that render all access

131.Impregnable: oft on the bodering Deep

132.Encamp their legions, or with obscure wing

133.Scout far and wide into the realm of Night,

134.Scorning surprise. Or, could we break our way

135.By force, and at our heels all Hell should rise

136.With blackest insurrection to confound

137.Heaven's purest light, yet our great Enemy,

138.All incorruptible, would on his throne

139.Sit unpolluted, and th' ethereal mould,

140.Incapable of stain, would soon expel

141.Her mischief, and purge off the baser fire,

142.Victorious. Thus repulsed, our final hope

143.Is flat despair: we must exasperate

144.Th' Almighty Victor to spend all his rage;

145.And that must end us; that must be our cure--

146.To be no more. Sad cure! for who would lose,

147.Though full of pain, this intellectual being,

148.Those thoughts that wander through eternity,

149.To perish rather, swallowed up and lost

150.In the wide womb of uncreated Night,

151.Devoid of sense and motion? And who knows,

152.Let this be good, whether our angry Foe

153.Can give it, or will ever? How he can

154.Is doubtful; that he never will is sure.

155.Will he, so wise, let loose at once his ire,

156.Belike through impotence or unaware,

157.To give his enemies their wish, and end

158.Them in his anger whom his anger saves

159.To punish endless? 'Wherefore cease we, then?'

160.Say they who counsel war; 'we are decreed,

161.Reserved, and destined to eternal woe;

162.Whatever doing, what can we suffer more,

163.What can we suffer worse?' Is this, then, worst--

164.Thus sitting, thus consulting, thus in arms?

165.What when we fled amain, pursued and struck

166.With Heaven's afflicting thunder, and besought

167.The Deep to shelter us? This Hell then seemed

168.A refuge from those wounds. Or when we lay

169.Chained on the burning lake? That sure was worse.

170.What if the breath that kindled those grim fires,

171.Awaked, should blow them into sevenfold rage,

172.And plunge us in the flames; or from above

173.Should intermitted vengeance arm again

174.His red right hand to plague us? What if all

175.Her stores were opened, and this firmament

176.Of Hell should spout her cataracts of fire,

177.Impendent horrors, threatening hideous fall

178.One day upon our heads; while we perhaps,

179.Designing or exhorting glorious war,

180.Caught in a fiery tempest, shall be hurled,

181.Each on his rock transfixed, the sport and prey

182.Or racking whirlwinds, or for ever sunk

183.Under yon boiling ocean, wrapt in chains,

184.There to converse with everlasting groans,

185.Unrespited, unpitied, unreprieved,

186.Ages of hopeless end? This would be worse.

187.War, therefore, open or concealed, alike

188.My voice dissuades; for what can force or guile

189.With him, or who deceive his mind, whose eye

190.Views all things at one view? He from Heaven's height

191.All these our motions vain sees and derides,

192.Not more almighty to resist our might

193.Than wise to frustrate all our plots and wiles.

194.Shall we, then, live thus vile--the race of Heaven

195.Thus trampled, thus expelled, to suffer here

196.Chains and these torments? Better these than worse,

197.By my advice; since fate inevitable

198.Subdues us, and omnipotent decree,

199.The Victor's will. To suffer, as to do,

200.Our strength is equal; nor the law unjust

201.That so ordains. This was at first resolved,

202.If we were wise, against so great a foe

203.Contending, and so doubtful what might fall.

204.I laugh when those who at the spear are bold

205.And venturous, if that fail them, shrink, and fear

206.What yet they know must follow--to endure

207.Exile, or igominy, or bonds, or pain,

208.The sentence of their Conqueror. This is now

209.Our doom; which if we can sustain and bear,

210.Our Supreme Foe in time may much remit

211.His anger, and perhaps, thus far removed,

212.Not mind us not offending, satisfied

213.With what is punished; whence these raging fires

214.Will slacken, if his breath stir not their flames.

215.Our purer essence then will overcome

216.Their noxious vapour; or, inured, not feel;

217.Or, changed at length, and to the place conformed

218.In temper and in nature, will receive

219.Familiar the fierce heat; and, void of pain,

220.This horror will grow mild, this darkness light;

221.Besides what hope the never-ending flight

222.Of future days may bring, what chance, what change

223.Worth waiting--since our present lot appears

224.For happy though but ill, for ill not worst,

225.If we procure not to ourselves more woe."

226.  Thus Belial, with words clothed in reason's garb,

227.Counselled ignoble ease and peaceful sloth,

228.Not peace; and after him thus Mammon spake:--

229.  "Either to disenthrone the King of Heaven

230.We war, if war be best, or to regain

231.Our own right lost. Him to unthrone we then

232.May hope, when everlasting Fate shall yield

233.To fickle Chance, and Chaos judge the strife.

234.The former, vain to hope, argues as vain

235.The latter; for what place can be for us

236.Within Heaven's bound, unless Heaven's Lord supreme

237.We overpower? Suppose he should relent

238.And publish grace to all, on promise made

239.Of new subjection; with what eyes could we

240.Stand in his presence humble, and receive

241.Strict laws imposed, to celebrate his throne

242.With warbled hyms, and to his Godhead sing

243.Forced hallelujahs, while he lordly sits

244.Our envied sovereign, and his altar breathes

245.Ambrosial odours and ambrosial flowers,

246.Our servile offerings? This must be our task

247.In Heaven, this our delight. How wearisome

248.Eternity so spent in worship paid

249.To whom we hate! Let us not then pursue,

250.By force impossible, by leave obtained

251.Unacceptable, though in Heaven, our state

252.Of splendid vassalage; but rather seek

253.Our own good from ourselves, and from our own

254.Live to ourselves, though in this vast recess,

255.Free and to none accountable, preferring

256.Hard liberty before the easy yoke

257.Of servile pomp. Our greatness will appear

258.Then most conspicuous when great things of small,

259.Useful of hurtful, prosperous of adverse,

260.We can create, and in what place soe'er

261.Thrive under evil, and work ease out of pain

262.Through labour and endurance. This deep world

263.Of darkness do we dread? How oft amidst

264.Thick clouds and dark doth Heaven's all-ruling Sire

265.Choose to reside, his glory unobscured,

266.And with the majesty of darkness round

267.Covers his throne, from whence deep thunders roar.

268.Mustering their rage, and Heaven resembles Hell!

269.As he our darkness, cannot we his light

270.Imitate when we please? This desert soil

271.Wants not her hidden lustre, gems and gold;

272.Nor want we skill or art from whence to raise

273.Magnificence; and what can Heaven show more?

274.Our torments also may, in length of time,

275.Become our elements, these piercing fires

276.As soft as now severe, our temper changed

277.Into their temper; which must needs remove

278.The sensible of pain. All things invite

279.To peaceful counsels, and the settled state

280.Of order, how in safety best we may

281.Compose our present evils, with regard

282.Of what we are and where, dismissing quite

283.All thoughts of war. Ye have what I advise."

284.  He scarce had finished, when such murmur filled

285.Th' assembly as when hollow rocks retain

286.The sound of blustering winds, which all night long

287.Had roused the sea, now with hoarse cadence lull

288.Seafaring men o'erwatched, whose bark by chance

289.Or pinnace, anchors in a craggy bay

290.After the tempest. Such applause was heard

291.As Mammon ended, and his sentence pleased,

292.Advising peace: for such another field

293.They dreaded worse than Hell; so much the fear

294.Of thunder and the sword of Michael

295.Wrought still within them; and no less desire

296.To found this nether empire, which might rise,

297.By policy and long process of time,

298.In emulation opposite to Heaven.

299.Which when Beelzebub perceived--than whom,

300.Satan except, none higher sat--with grave

301.Aspect he rose, and in his rising seemed

302.A pillar of state. Deep on his front engraven

303.Deliberation sat, and public care;

304.And princely counsel in his face yet shone,

305.Majestic, though in ruin. Sage he stood

306.With Atlantean shoulders, fit to bear

307.The weight of mightiest monarchies; his look

308.Drew audience and attention still as night

309.Or summer's noontide air, while thus he spake:--

310.  "Thrones and Imperial Powers, Offspring of Heaven,

311.Ethereal Virtues! or these titles now

312.Must we renounce, and, changing style, be called

313.Princes of Hell? for so the popular vote

314.Inclines--here to continue, and build up here

315.A growing empire; doubtless! while we dream,

316.And know not that the King of Heaven hath doomed

317.This place our dungeon, not our safe retreat

318.Beyond his potent arm, to live exempt

319.From Heaven's high jurisdiction, in new league

320.Banded against his throne, but to remain

321.In strictest bondage, though thus far removed,

322.Under th' inevitable curb, reserved

323.His captive multitude. For he, to be sure,

324.In height or depth, still first and last will reign

325.Sole king, and of his kingdom lose no part

326.By our revolt, but over Hell extend

327.His empire, and with iron sceptre rule

328.Us here, as with his golden those in Heaven.

329.What sit we then projecting peace and war?

330.War hath determined us and foiled with loss

331.Irreparable; terms of peace yet none

332.Vouchsafed or sought; for what peace will be given

333.To us enslaved, but custody severe,

334.And stripes and arbitrary punishment

335.Inflicted? and what peace can we return,

336.But, to our power, hostility and hate,

337.Untamed reluctance, and revenge, though slow,

338.Yet ever plotting how the Conqueror least

339.May reap his conquest, and may least rejoice

340.In doing what we most in suffering feel?

341.Nor will occasion want, nor shall we need

342.With dangerous expedition to invade

343.Heaven, whose high walls fear no assault or siege,

344.Or ambush from the Deep. What if we find

345.Some easier enterprise? There is a place

346.(If ancient and prophetic fame in Heaven

347.Err not)--another World, the happy seat

348.Of some new race, called Man, about this time

349.To be created like to us, though less

350.In power and excellence, but favoured more

351.Of him who rules above; so was his will

352.Pronounced among the Gods, and by an oath

353.That shook Heaven's whole circumference confirmed.

354.Thither let us bend all our thoughts, to learn

355.What creatures there inhabit, of what mould

356.Or substance, how endued, and what their power

357.And where their weakness: how attempted best,

358.By force of subtlety. Though Heaven be shut,

359.And Heaven's high Arbitrator sit secure

360.In his own strength, this place may lie exposed,

361.The utmost border of his kingdom, left

362.To their defence who hold it: here, perhaps,

363.Some advantageous act may be achieved

364.By sudden onset--either with Hell-fire

365.To waste his whole creation, or possess

366.All as our own, and drive, as we were driven,

367.The puny habitants; or, if not drive,

368.Seduce them to our party, that their God

369.May prove their foe, and with repenting hand

370.Abolish his own works. This would surpass

371.Common revenge, and interrupt his joy

372.In our confusion, and our joy upraise

373.In his disturbance; when his darling sons,

374.Hurled headlong to partake with us, shall curse

375.Their frail original, and faded bliss--

376.Faded so soon! Advise if this be worth

377.Attempting, or to sit in darkness here

378.Hatching vain empires." Thus beelzebub

379.Pleaded his devilish counsel--first devised

380.By Satan, and in part proposed: for whence,

381.But from the author of all ill, could spring

382.So deep a malice, to confound the race

383.Of mankind in one root, and Earth with Hell

384.To mingle and involve, done all to spite

385.The great Creator? But their spite still serves

386.His glory to augment. The bold design

387.Pleased highly those infernal States, and joy

388.Sparkled in all their eyes: with full assent

389.They vote: whereat his speech he thus renews:--

390."Well have ye judged, well ended long debate,

391.Synod of Gods, and, like to what ye are,

392.Great things resolved, which from the lowest deep

393.Will once more lift us up, in spite of fate,

394.Nearer our ancient seat--perhaps in view

395.Of those bright confines, whence, with neighbouring arms,

396.And opportune excursion, we may chance

397.Re-enter Heaven; or else in some mild zone

398.Dwell, not unvisited of Heaven's fair light,

399.Secure, and at the brightening orient beam

400.Purge off this gloom: the soft delicious air,

401.To heal the scar of these corrosive fires,

402.Shall breathe her balm. But, first, whom shall we send

403.In search of this new World? whom shall we find

404.Sufficient? who shall tempt with wandering feet

405.The dark, unbottomed, infinite Abyss,

406.And through the palpable obscure find out

407.His uncouth way, or spread his airy flight,

408.Upborne with indefatigable wings

409.Over the vast abrupt, ere he arrive

410.The happy Isle? What strength, what art, can then

411.Suffice, or what evasion bear him safe,

412.Through the strict senteries and stations thick

413.Of Angels watching round? Here he had need

414.All circumspection: and we now no less

415.Choice in our suffrage; for on whom we send

416.The weight of all, and our last hope, relies."

417.  This said, he sat; and expectation held

418.His look suspense, awaiting who appeared

419.To second, or oppose, or undertake

420.The perilous attempt. But all sat mute,

421.Pondering the danger with deep thoughts; and each

422.In other's countenance read his own dismay,

423.Astonished. None among the choice and prime

424.Of those Heaven-warring champions could be found

425.So hardy as to proffer or accept,

426.Alone, the dreadful voyage; till, at last,

427.Satan, whom now transcendent glory raised

428.Above his fellows, with monarchal pride

429.Conscious of highest worth, unmoved thus spake:--

430.  "O Progeny of Heaven! Empyreal Thrones!

431.With reason hath deep silence and demur

432.Seized us, though undismayed. Long is the way

433.And hard, that out of Hell leads up to light.

434.Our prison strong, this huge convex of fire,

435.Outrageous to devour, immures us round

436.Ninefold; and gates of burning adamant,

437.Barred over us, prohibit all egress.

438.These passed, if any pass, the void profound

439.Of unessential Night receives him next,

440.Wide-gaping, and with utter loss of being

441.Threatens him, plunged in that abortive gulf.

442.If thence he scape, into whatever world,

443.Or unknown region, what remains him less

444.Than unknown dangers, and as hard escape?

445.But I should ill become this throne, O Peers,

446.And this imperial sovereignty, adorned

447.With splendour, armed with power, if aught proposed

448.And judged of public moment in the shape

449.Of difficulty or danger, could deter

450.Me from attempting. Wherefore do I assume

451.These royalties, and not refuse to reign,

452.Refusing to accept as great a share

453.Of hazard as of honour, due alike

454.To him who reigns, and so much to him due

455.Of hazard more as he above the rest

456.High honoured sits? Go, therefore, mighty Powers,

457.Terror of Heaven, though fallen; intend at home,

458.While here shall be our home, what best may ease

459.The present misery, and render Hell

460.More tolerable; if there be cure or charm

461.To respite, or deceive, or slack the pain

462.Of this ill mansion: intermit no watch

463.Against a wakeful foe, while I abroad

464.Through all the coasts of dark destruction seek

465.Deliverance for us all. This enterprise

466.None shall partake with me." Thus saying, rose

467.The Monarch, and prevented all reply;

468.Prudent lest, from his resolution raised,

469.Others among the chief might offer now,

470.Certain to be refused, what erst they feared,

471.And, so refused, might in opinion stand

472.His rivals, winning cheap the high repute

473.Which he through hazard huge must earn. But they

474.Dreaded not more th' adventure than his voice

475.Forbidding; and at once with him they rose.

476.Their rising all at once was as the sound

477.Of thunder heard remote. Towards him they bend

478.With awful reverence prone, and as a God

479.Extol him equal to the Highest in Heaven.

480.Nor failed they to express how much they praised

481.That for the general safety he despised

482.His own: for neither do the Spirits damned

483.Lose all their virtue; lest bad men should boast

484.Their specious deeds on earth, which glory excites,

485.Or close ambition varnished o'er with zeal.

486.  Thus they their doubtful consultations dark

487.Ended, rejoicing in their matchless Chief:

488.As, when from mountain-tops the dusky clouds

489.Ascending, while the north wind sleeps, o'erspread

490.Heaven's cheerful face, the louring element

491.Scowls o'er the darkened landscape snow or shower,

492.If chance the radiant sun, with farewell sweet,

493.Extend his evening beam, the fields revive,

494.The birds their notes renew, and bleating herds

495.Attest their joy, that hill and valley rings.

496.O shame to men! Devil with devil damned

497.Firm concord holds; men only disagree

498.Of creatures rational, though under hope

499.Of heavenly grace, and, God proclaiming peace,

500.Yet live in hatred, enmity, and strife

501.Among themselves, and levy cruel wars

502.Wasting the earth, each other to destroy:

503.As if (which might induce us to accord)

504.Man had not hellish foes enow besides,

505.That day and night for his destruction wait!

506.  The Stygian council thus dissolved; and forth

507.In order came the grand infernal Peers:

508.Midst came their mighty Paramount, and seemed

509.Alone th' antagonist of Heaven, nor less

510.Than Hell's dread Emperor, with pomp supreme,

511.And god-like imitated state: him round

512.A globe of fiery Seraphim enclosed

513.With bright emblazonry, and horrent arms.

514.Then of their session ended they bid cry

515.With trumpet's regal sound the great result:

516.Toward the four winds four speedy Cherubim

517.Put to their mouths the sounding alchemy,

518.By herald's voice explained; the hollow Abyss

519.Heard far adn wide, and all the host of Hell

520.With deafening shout returned them loud acclaim.

521.Thence more at ease their minds, and somewhat raised

522.By false presumptuous hope, the ranged Powers

523.Disband; and, wandering, each his several way

524.Pursues, as inclination or sad choice

525.Leads him perplexed, where he may likeliest find

526.Truce to his restless thoughts, and entertain

527.The irksome hours, till his great Chief return.

528.Part on the plain, or in the air sublime,

529.Upon the wing or in swift race contend,

530.As at th' Olympian games or Pythian fields;

531.Part curb their fiery steeds, or shun the goal

532.With rapid wheels, or fronted brigades form:

533.As when, to warn proud cities, war appears

534.Waged in the troubled sky, and armies rush

535.To battle in the clouds; before each van

536.Prick forth the airy knights, and couch their spears,

537.Till thickest legions close; with feats of arms

538.From either end of heaven the welkin burns.

539.Others, with vast Typhoean rage, more fell,

540.Rend up both rocks and hills, and ride the air

541.In whirlwind; Hell scarce holds the wild uproar:--

542.As when Alcides, from Oechalia crowned

543.With conquest, felt th' envenomed robe, and tore

544.Through pain up by the roots Thessalian pines,

545.And Lichas from the top of Oeta threw

546.Into th' Euboic sea. Others, more mild,

547.Retreated in a silent valley, sing

548.With notes angelical to many a harp

549.Their own heroic deeds, and hapless fall

550.By doom of battle, and complain that Fate

551.Free Virtue should enthrall to Force or Chance.

552.Their song was partial; but the harmony

553.(What could it less when Spirits immortal sing?)

554.Suspended Hell, and took with ravishment

555.The thronging audience. In discourse more sweet

556.(For Eloquence the Soul, Song charms the Sense)

557.Others apart sat on a hill retired,

558.In thoughts more elevate, and reasoned high

559.Of Providence, Foreknowledge, Will, and Fate--

560.Fixed fate, free will, foreknowledge absolute,

561.And found no end, in wandering mazes lost.

562.Of good and evil much they argued then,

563.Of happiness and final misery,

564.Passion and apathy, and glory and shame:

565.Vain wisdom all, and false philosophy!--

566.Yet, with a pleasing sorcery, could charm

567.Pain for a while or anguish, and excite

568.Fallacious hope, or arm th' obdured breast

569.With stubborn patience as with triple steel.

570.Another part, in squadrons and gross bands,

571.On bold adventure to discover wide

572.That dismal world, if any clime perhaps

573.Might yield them easier habitation, bend

574.Four ways their flying march, along the banks

575.Of four infernal rivers, that disgorge

576.Into the burning lake their baleful streams--

577.Abhorred Styx, the flood of deadly hate;

578.Sad Acheron of sorrow, black and deep;

579.Cocytus, named of lamentation loud

580.Heard on the rueful stream; fierce Phlegeton,

581.Whose waves of torrent fire inflame with rage.

582.Far off from these, a slow and silent stream,

583.Lethe, the river of oblivion, rolls

584.Her watery labyrinth, whereof who drinks

585.Forthwith his former state and being forgets--

586.Forgets both joy and grief, pleasure and pain.

587.Beyond this flood a frozen continent

588.Lies dark and wild, beat with perpetual storms

589.Of whirlwind and dire hail, which on firm land

590.Thaws not, but gathers heap, and ruin seems

591.Of ancient pile; all else deep snow and ice,

592.A gulf profound as that Serbonian bog

593.Betwixt Damiata and Mount Casius old,

594.Where armies whole have sunk: the parching air

595.Burns frore, and cold performs th' effect of fire.

596.Thither, by harpy-footed Furies haled,

597.At certain revolutions all the damned

598.Are brought; and feel by turns the bitter change

599.Of fierce extremes, extremes by change more fierce,

600.From beds of raging fire to starve in ice

601.Their soft ethereal warmth, and there to pine

602.Immovable, infixed, and frozen round

603.Periods of time,--thence hurried back to fire.

604.They ferry over this Lethean sound

605.Both to and fro, their sorrow to augment,

606.And wish and struggle, as they pass, to reach

607.The tempting stream, with one small drop to lose

608.In sweet forgetfulness all pain and woe,

609.All in one moment, and so near the brink;

610.But Fate withstands, and, to oppose th' attempt,

611.Medusa with Gorgonian terror guards

612.The ford, and of itself the water flies

613.All taste of living wight, as once it fled

614.The lip of Tantalus. Thus roving on

615.In confused march forlorn, th' adventurous bands,

616.With shuddering horror pale, and eyes aghast,

617.Viewed first their lamentable lot, and found

618.No rest. Through many a dark and dreary vale

619.They passed, and many a region dolorous,

620.O'er many a frozen, many a fiery alp,

621.Rocks, caves, lakes, fens, bogs, dens, and shades of death--

622.A universe of death, which God by curse

623.Created evil, for evil only good;

624.Where all life dies, death lives, and Nature breeds,

625.Perverse, all monstrous, all prodigious things,

626.Obominable, inutterable, and worse

627.Than fables yet have feigned or fear conceived,

628.Gorgons, and Hydras, and Chimeras dire.

629.  Meanwhile the Adversary of God and Man,

630.Satan, with thoughts inflamed of highest design,

631.Puts on swift wings, and toward the gates of Hell

632.Explores his solitary flight: sometimes

633.He scours the right hand coast, sometimes the left;

634.Now shaves with level wing the deep, then soars

635.Up to the fiery concave towering high.

636.As when far off at sea a fleet descried

637.Hangs in the clouds, by equinoctial winds

638.Close sailing from Bengala, or the isles

639.Of Ternate and Tidore, whence merchants bring

640.Their spicy drugs; they on the trading flood,

641.Through the wide Ethiopian to the Cape,

642.Ply stemming nightly toward the pole: so seemed

643.Far off the flying Fiend. At last appear

644.Hell-bounds, high reaching to the horrid roof,

645.And thrice threefold the gates; three folds were brass,

646.Three iron, three of adamantine rock,

647.Impenetrable, impaled with circling fire,

648.Yet unconsumed. Before the gates there sat

649.On either side a formidable Shape.

650.The one seemed woman to the waist, and fair,

651.But ended foul in many a scaly fold,

652.Voluminous and vast--a serpent armed

653.With mortal sting. About her middle round

654.A cry of Hell-hounds never-ceasing barked

655.With wide Cerberean mouths full loud, and rung

656.A hideous peal; yet, when they list, would creep,

657.If aught disturbed their noise, into her womb,

658.And kennel there; yet there still barked and howled

659.Within unseen. Far less abhorred than these

660.Vexed Scylla, bathing in the sea that parts

661.Calabria from the hoarse Trinacrian shore;

662.Nor uglier follow the night-hag, when, called

663.In secret, riding through the air she comes,

664.Lured with the smell of infant blood, to dance

665.With Lapland witches, while the labouring moon

666.Eclipses at their charms. The other Shape--

667.If shape it might be called that shape had none

668.Distinguishable in member, joint, or limb;

669.Or substance might be called that shadow seemed,

670.For each seemed either--black it stood as Night,

671.Fierce as ten Furies, terrible as Hell,

672.And shook a dreadful dart: what seemed his head

673.The likeness of a kingly crown had on.

674.Satan was now at hand, and from his seat

675.The monster moving onward came as fast

676.With horrid strides; Hell trembled as he strode.

677.Th' undaunted Fiend what this might be admired--

678.Admired, not feared (God and his Son except,

679.Created thing naught valued he nor shunned),

680.And with disdainful look thus first began:--

681.  "Whence and what art thou, execrable Shape,

682.That dar'st, though grim and terrible, advance

683.Thy miscreated front athwart my way

684.To yonder gates? Through them I mean to pass,

685.That be assured, without leave asked of thee.

686.Retire; or taste thy folly, and learn by proof,

687.Hell-born, not to contend with Spirits of Heaven."

688.  To whom the Goblin, full of wrath, replied:--

689."Art thou that traitor Angel? art thou he,

690.Who first broke peace in Heaven and faith, till then

691.Unbroken, and in proud rebellious arms

692.Drew after him the third part of Heaven's sons,

693.Conjured against the Highest--for which both thou

694.And they, outcast from God, are here condemned

695.To waste eternal days in woe and pain?

696.And reckon'st thou thyself with Spirits of Heaven

697.Hell-doomed, and breath'st defiance here and scorn,

698.Where I reign king, and, to enrage thee more,

699.Thy king and lord? Back to thy punishment,

700.False fugitive; and to thy speed add wings,

701.Lest with a whip of scorpions I pursue

702.Thy lingering, or with one stroke of this dart

703.Strange horror seize thee, and pangs unfelt before."

704.  So spake the grisly Terror, and in shape,

705.So speaking and so threatening, grew tenfold,

706.More dreadful and deform. On th' other side,

707.Incensed with indignation, Satan stood

708.Unterrified, and like a comet burned,

709.That fires the length of Ophiuchus huge

710.In th' arctic sky, and from his horrid hair

711.Shakes pestilence and war. Each at the head

712.Levelled his deadly aim; their fatal hands

713.No second stroke intend; and such a frown

714.Each cast at th' other as when two black clouds,

715.With heaven's artillery fraught, came rattling on

716.Over the Caspian,--then stand front to front

717.Hovering a space, till winds the signal blow

718.To join their dark encounter in mid-air.

719.So frowned the mighty combatants that Hell

720.Grew darker at their frown; so matched they stood;

721.For never but once more was wither like

722.To meet so great a foe. And now great deeds

723.Had been achieved, whereof all Hell had rung,

724.Had not the snaky Sorceress, that sat

725.Fast by Hell-gate and kept the fatal key,

726.Risen, and with hideous outcry rushed between.

727.  "O father, what intends thy hand," she cried,

728."Against thy only son? What fury, O son,

729.Possesses thee to bend that mortal dart

730.Against thy father's head? And know'st for whom?

731.For him who sits above, and laughs the while

732.At thee, ordained his drudge to execute

733.Whate'er his wrath, which he calls justice, bids--

734.His wrath, which one day will destroy ye both!"

735.  She spake, and at her words the hellish Pest

736.Forbore: then these to her Satan returned:--

737.  "So strange thy outcry, and thy words so strange

738.Thou interposest, that my sudden hand,

739.Prevented, spares to tell thee yet by deeds

740.What it intends, till first I know of thee

741.What thing thou art, thus double-formed, and why,

742.In this infernal vale first met, thou call'st

743.Me father, and that phantasm call'st my son.

744.I know thee not, nor ever saw till now

745.Sight more detestable than him and thee."

746.  T' whom thus the Portress of Hell-gate replied:--

747."Hast thou forgot me, then; and do I seem

748.Now in thine eye so foul?--once deemed so fair

749.In Heaven, when at th' assembly, and in sight

750.Of all the Seraphim with thee combined

751.In bold conspiracy against Heaven's King,

752.All on a sudden miserable pain

753.Surprised thee, dim thine eyes and dizzy swum

754.In darkness, while thy head flames thick and fast

755.Threw forth, till on the left side opening wide,

756.Likest to thee in shape and countenance bright,

757.Then shining heavenly fair, a goddess armed,

758.Out of thy head I sprung. Amazement seized

759.All th' host of Heaven; back they recoiled afraid

760.At first, and called me Sin, and for a sign

761.Portentous held me; but, familiar grown,

762.I pleased, and with attractive graces won

763.The most averse--thee chiefly, who, full oft

764.Thyself in me thy perfect image viewing,

765.Becam'st enamoured; and such joy thou took'st

766.With me in secret that my womb conceived

767.A growing burden. Meanwhile war arose,

768.And fields were fought in Heaven: wherein remained

769.(For what could else?) to our Almighty Foe

770.Clear victory; to our part loss and rout

771.Through all the Empyrean. Down they fell,

772.Driven headlong from the pitch of Heaven, down

773.Into this Deep; and in the general fall

774.I also: at which time this powerful key

775.Into my hands was given, with charge to keep

776.These gates for ever shut, which none can pass

777.Without my opening. Pensive here I sat

778.Alone; but long I sat not, till my womb,

779.Pregnant by thee, and now excessive grown,

780.Prodigious motion felt and rueful throes.

781.At last this odious offspring whom thou seest,

782.Thine own begotten, breaking violent way,

783.Tore through my entrails, that, with fear and pain

784.Distorted, all my nether shape thus grew

785.Transformed: but he my inbred enemy

786.Forth issued, brandishing his fatal dart,

787.Made to destroy. I fled, and cried out Death!

788.Hell trembled at the hideous name, and sighed

789.From all her caves, and back resounded Death!

790.I fled; but he pursued (though more, it seems,

791.Inflamed with lust than rage), and, swifter far,

792.Me overtook, his mother, all dismayed,

793.And, in embraces forcible and foul

794.Engendering with me, of that rape begot

795.These yelling monsters, that with ceaseless cry

796.Surround me, as thou saw'st--hourly conceived

797.And hourly born, with sorrow infinite

798.To me; for, when they list, into the womb

799.That bred them they return, and howl, and gnaw

800.My bowels, their repast; then, bursting forth

801.Afresh, with conscious terrors vex me round,

802.That rest or intermission none I find.

803.Before mine eyes in opposition sits

804.Grim Death, my son and foe, who set them on,

805.And me, his parent, would full soon devour

806.For want of other prey, but that he knows

807.His end with mine involved, and knows that I

808.Should prove a bitter morsel, and his bane,

809.Whenever that shall be: so Fate pronounced.

810.But thou, O father, I forewarn thee, shun

811.His deadly arrow; neither vainly hope

812.To be invulnerable in those bright arms,

813.Through tempered heavenly; for that mortal dint,

814.Save he who reigns above, none can resist."

815.  She finished; and the subtle Fiend his lore

816.Soon learned, now milder, and thus answered smooth:--

817.  "Dear daughter--since thou claim'st me for thy sire,

818.And my fair son here show'st me, the dear pledge

819.Of dalliance had with thee in Heaven, and joys

820.Then sweet, now sad to mention, through dire change

821.Befallen us unforeseen, unthought-of--know,

822.I come no enemy, but to set free

823.From out this dark and dismal house of pain

824.Both him and thee, and all the heavenly host

825.Of Spirits that, in our just pretences armed,

826.Fell with us from on high. From them I go

827.This uncouth errand sole, and one for all

828.Myself expose, with lonely steps to tread

829.Th' unfounded Deep, and through the void immense

830.To search, with wandering quest, a place foretold

831.Should be--and, by concurring signs, ere now

832.Created vast and round--a place of bliss

833.In the purlieus of Heaven; and therein placed

834.A race of upstart creatures, to supply

835.Perhaps our vacant room, though more removed,

836.Lest Heaven, surcharged with potent multitude,

837.Might hap to move new broils. Be this, or aught

838.Than this more secret, now designed, I haste

839.To know; and, this once known, shall soon return,

840.And bring ye to the place where thou and Death

841.Shall dwell at ease, and up and down unseen

842.Wing silently the buxom air, embalmed

843.With odours. There ye shall be fed and filled

844.Immeasurably; all things shall be your prey."

845.  He ceased; for both seemed highly pleased, and Death

846.Grinned horrible a ghastly smile, to hear

847.His famine should be filled, and blessed his maw

848.Destined to that good hour. No less rejoiced

849.His mother bad, and thus bespake her sire:--

850.  "The key of this infernal Pit, by due

851.And by command of Heaven's all-powerful King,

852.I keep, by him forbidden to unlock

853.These adamantine gates; against all force

854.Death ready stands to interpose his dart,

855.Fearless to be o'ermatched by living might.

856.But what owe I to his commands above,

857.Who hates me, and hath hither thrust me down

858.Into this gloom of Tartarus profound,

859.To sit in hateful office here confined,

860.Inhabitant of Heaven and heavenly born--

861.Here in perpetual agony and pain,

862.With terrors and with clamours compassed round

863.Of mine own brood, that on my bowels feed?

864.Thou art my father, thou my author, thou

865.My being gav'st me; whom should I obey

866.But thee? whom follow? Thou wilt bring me soon

867.To that new world of light and bliss, among

868.The gods who live at ease, where I shall reign

869.At thy right hand voluptuous, as beseems

870.Thy daughter and thy darling, without end."

871.  Thus saying, from her side the fatal key,

872.Sad instrument of all our woe, she took;

873.And, towards the gate rolling her bestial train,

874.Forthwith the huge portcullis high up-drew,

875.Which, but herself, not all the Stygian Powers

876.Could once have moved; then in the key-hole turns

877.Th' intricate wards, and every bolt and bar

878.Of massy iron or solid rock with ease

879.Unfastens. On a sudden open fly,

880.With impetuous recoil and jarring sound,

881.Th' infernal doors, and on their hinges grate

882.Harsh thunder, that the lowest bottom shook

883.Of Erebus. She opened; but to shut

884.Excelled her power: the gates wide open stood,

885.That with extended wings a bannered host,

886.Under spread ensigns marching, mibht pass through

887.With horse and chariots ranked in loose array;

888.So wide they stood, and like a furnace-mouth

889.Cast forth redounding smoke and ruddy flame.

890.Before their eyes in sudden view appear

891.The secrets of the hoary Deep--a dark

892.Illimitable ocean, without bound,

893.Without dimension; where length, breadth, and height,

894.And time, and place, are lost; where eldest Night

895.And Chaos, ancestors of Nature, hold

896.Eternal anarchy, amidst the noise

897.Of endless wars, and by confusion stand.

898.For Hot, Cold, Moist, and Dry, four champions fierce,

899.Strive here for mastery, and to battle bring

900.Their embryon atoms: they around the flag

901.Of each his faction, in their several clans,

902.Light-armed or heavy, sharp, smooth, swift, or slow,

903.Swarm populous, unnumbered as the sands

904.Of Barca or Cyrene's torrid soil,

905.Levied to side with warring winds, and poise

906.Their lighter wings. To whom these most adhere

907.He rules a moment: Chaos umpire sits,

908.And by decision more embroils the fray

909.By which he reigns: next him, high arbiter,

910.Chance governs all. Into this wild Abyss,

911.The womb of Nature, and perhaps her grave,

912.Of neither sea, nor shore, nor air, nor fire,

913.But all these in their pregnant causes mixed

914.Confusedly, and which thus must ever fight,

915.Unless th' Almighty Maker them ordain

916.His dark materials to create more worlds--

917.Into this wild Abyss the wary Fiend

918.Stood on the brink of Hell and looked a while,

919.Pondering his voyage; for no narrow frith

920.He had to cross. Nor was his ear less pealed

921.With noises loud and ruinous (to compare

922.Great things with small) than when Bellona storms

923.With all her battering engines, bent to rase

924.Some capital city; or less than if this frame

925.Of Heaven were falling, and these elements

926.In mutiny had from her axle torn

927.The steadfast Earth. At last his sail-broad vans

928.He spread for flight, and, in the surging smoke

929.Uplifted, spurns the ground; thence many a league,

930.As in a cloudy chair, ascending rides

931.Audacious; but, that seat soon failing, meets

932.A vast vacuity. All unawares,

933.Fluttering his pennons vain, plumb-down he drops

934.Ten thousand fathom deep, and to this hour

935.Down had been falling, had not, by ill chance,

936.The strong rebuff of some tumultuous cloud,

937.Instinct with fire and nitre, hurried him

938.As many miles aloft. That fury stayed--

939.Quenched in a boggy Syrtis, neither sea,

940.Nor good dry land--nigh foundered, on he fares,

941.Treading the crude consistence, half on foot,

942.Half flying; behoves him now both oar and sail.

943.As when a gryphon through the wilderness

944.With winged course, o'er hill or moory dale,

945.Pursues the Arimaspian, who by stealth

946.Had from his wakeful custody purloined

947.The guarded gold; so eagerly the Fiend

948.O'er bog or steep, through strait, rough, dense, or rare,

949.With head, hands, wings, or feet, pursues his way,

950.And swims, or sinks, or wades, or creeps, or flies.

951.At length a universal hubbub wild

952.Of stunning sounds, and voices all confused,

953.Borne through the hollow dark, assaults his ear

954.With loudest vehemence. Thither he plies

955.Undaunted, to meet there whatever Power

956.Or Spirit of the nethermost Abyss

957.Might in that noise reside, of whom to ask

958.Which way the nearest coast of darkness lies

959.Bordering on light; when straight behold the throne

960.Of Chaos, and his dark pavilion spread

961.Wide on the wasteful Deep! With him enthroned

962.Sat sable-vested Night, eldest of things,

963.The consort of his reign; and by them stood

964.Orcus and Ades, and the dreaded name

965.Of Demogorgon; Rumour next, and Chance,

966.And Tumult, and Confusion, all embroiled,

967.And Discord with a thousand various mouths.

968.  T' whom Satan, turning boldly, thus:--"Ye Powers

969.And Spirtis of this nethermost Abyss,

970.Chaos and ancient Night, I come no spy

971.With purpose to explore or to disturb

972.The secrets of your realm; but, by constraint

973.Wandering this darksome desert, as my way

974.Lies through your spacious empire up to light,

975.Alone and without guide, half lost, I seek,

976.What readiest path leads where your gloomy bounds

977.Confine with Heaven; or, if some other place,

978.From your dominion won, th' Ethereal King

979.Possesses lately, thither to arrive

980.I travel this profound. Direct my course:

981.Directed, no mean recompense it brings

982.To your behoof, if I that region lost,

983.All usurpation thence expelled, reduce

984.To her original darkness and your sway

985.(Which is my present journey), and once more

986.Erect the standard there of ancient Night.

987.Yours be th' advantage all, mine the revenge!"

988.  Thus Satan; and him thus the Anarch old,

989.With faltering speech and visage incomposed,

990.Answered:  "I know thee, stranger, who thou art--  ***